Russian Orlan 10 - The Orlan-10 is a medium-sized, multi-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Russian Special Technology Center LLC (ООО Специальный Технологический Центр) in St. The UAV is in service with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
It is intended for a variety of missions including aerial surveillance, observation, surveillance, search and rescue, combat training, jamming, radio signal detection, and tracking targets in difficult terrain.
Russian Orlan 10
The International Air and Space Fair (FIDAE) was held in March 2016. Rosoboronexport announced its plans to promote the Orlan-10E UAV to foreign countries in June 2016.
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UAV production began in 2010. The unmanned aerial vehicle unit of the Russian military base in Armenia received Orlan-10 air systems in October 2015 to conduct aerial reconnaissance in high mountainous areas.
The Eastern Military District of the Russian Armed Forces, located in Sakhalin, Russia, received five Orlan-10 unmanned aerial vehicles in March 2016. .
A group of unmanned aerial vehicles entered service with a motorized rifle unit of the Eastern Military District in the Trans-Baikal region in December 2019.
The UAV entered service with the self-propelled guns of the Southern Military District of the North Caucasus (YuVO) in July 2020. The Mountain Motor Rifle Brigade of the Central Military Region, located in the Republic of Tewa, received the UAV in December. the year
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In October 2020, the Mountain Motor Artillery Brigade Division of the Central Military District (CMD), located in the Republic of Tuva, received Orlan-10 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles under a state defense order.
The Orlan-10 complex consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a launch and recovery system, a ground control unit, and a rotating payload.
The UAV features a modular design with a high wing configuration, while its tail section is a tailplane and vertical stabilizer.
It has a wingspan of 3.1m and an aerodynamic fuselage 2m long. The empty weight and maximum take-off weight of the UAV are 12.5kg and 16.5kg respectively.
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It has a daylight camera, thermal imaging camera, video camera and radio transmitter in a gyro-stabilized camera pod mounted under the fuselage. The cameras provide real time information, 3D maps, surveillance, and target detection from the air on the ground.
Images, video and other sensor data collected by the payloads are transmitted to the ground control station in real time via a data link using a 3G/4G mobile network.
The Orlan-10 is equipped with an electronic warfare capability and can distinguish between friendly and enemy devices to transmit information. It can install jamming transmitters and set up zones for cellular jamming.
Orlan-10 can carry out missions in autonomous and remote control modes. An autopilot on the drone enables it to operate autonomously based on pre-set waypoints. In this case, the operator can adjust the flight path during the flight.
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The drone can be operated remotely from its associated ground control station, mounted on the MP32M1 command and control vehicle. Developed by Russian state-owned Roselectronicika, the ground component can control up to four air vehicles at a time.
In remote control mode, the operator of the mobile ground unit sends command and control data to the drone via a digital data link.
The drone can transmit telemetry data from a range of 120 km to 600 km from the launch station and last for about 18 hours. Its cruising speed and top speed are 110km/h and 150km/h respectively.
The UAV can fly at a maximum height of 5 km in all weather conditions on rough terrain. It can withstand wind speeds of up to 10m/s and operate in temperatures from -30°C to 40°C. This article can be expanded with text translated from the Ukrainian article. (October 2019) Click [show] for important translation tips.
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The Orlan-10 (Russian: Орлан-10) is a reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Special Technology Cter (STC) in Saint Petersburg for the Russian Armed Forces.
Drones are usually deployed in groups of two or three. The first is used for reconnaissance at an altitude of 1,000 to 1,500 meters (3,300 to 4,900 ft), the second for electronic warfare and the third as information exchange.
The price of a system (including 2 drones, a portable launch complex, a control station and a set of parts) is said to be 5 million rubles, or ~US$160,000 (FY 2013).
According to media reports, an updated version of the Orlan-10 tactical UAV was due to enter service with Russian ground forces in 2020. This update is expected to have a laser designator to enable it to target targets for precision guided artillery and anti-aircraft weapons. .
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According to reports, Orlan-10 is being used in the war between Russia and Ukraine. Aerial surveillance by drones in the conflict is banned by the Minsk agreement.
Ukrainian authorities claim to have shot down or intercepted a number of such UAVs since 2014:
An advanced strike version of the Orlan-10, capable of carrying four high-explosive fragmentation projectiles, is said to have been used in a 2022 Russian attack on Ukraine.
As of December 2022, Orlan-10 use has become rare in Ukraine. While in the early months of the war the Russians flew two planes at a time, one for reconnaissance and the other for correcting artillery attacks, in the summer only one was used, and by the end of the year Russia was likely to withdraw. of type The head of the air defense of the Ukrainian ground forces, colonel Yuri Solovi, said that their units had destroyed more than 580 Orlan-10 aircraft since the beginning of the invasion. The lack of drones affected the ability of Russian forces to retool for artillery and counter-battery fire. Alternative drones are being used to fill the role of Orlan-10, but are difficult to acquire due to a shortage of components made in countries that have imposed sanctions.
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On January 3, 2023, CBS News reported that the Russian Orlan-10 UAVs shot down in Ukraine in the past 4 months carried US and Swiss microchips (Maxim, Microchip and U-Blok) for the GLONASS positioning system. able to connect. Navigation These chips are also accessible to GPS and Magellan systems which help to increase the accuracy of navigation and flight and targeting.
The Orlan-10 is actively used by Russian ground forces in the Syrian civil war for surveillance, aerial image collection or 3D mapping to support humanitarian convoys and S&R operations.
In November 2015, Orlan-10 found a surviving member of a downed Russian Su-24M2 bomber, which facilitated its rapid recovery.
On March 13, 2022, Orlan-10 was discovered in a field in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania. It was initially believed to be a privately owned drone in Romania, but was soon identified as a Russian-made Orlan-10. Investigations are ongoing.
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Although Orlan-10 is not complex, it is cheap and simple to operate. It flies too high to be vulnerable to short-range air defenses, but is cheap enough to justify the use of expensive long-range defenses. It provides an adequate view of the battlefield to identify targets. August 25, 2022 Orlan-10 of the Russian Federation Invasion Forces, which was neutralized by an EW instrument, August 2022. Photo credit: Air Strike Forces of Ukraine
Ukraine's air strike command reported that the Russian plane had been hijacked. The military released a photo of the drone.
Orlan-10 of the Russian Federation Invasion Forces, neutralized by an EW device in August 2022. Photo credit: Ukrainian Air Force
"In one of the mission areas, another Russian Orlan-10 unmanned aerial vehicle was disabled by radio-electronic warfare units of the Air Assault Forces of Ukraine," the Ministry of Defense said in a statement.
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Published pictures show that a Russian drone may have lost contact with its control station and crashed after being hit by electronic warfare equipment of the Ukrainian air force, which later fell into the hands of Ukrainian troops.
Russian Federation Orlan-10 strike, neutralized by EW device in August 2022. Photo credit: Ukrainian Air Force
In their statement, the soldiers emphasized that they would continue to conduct combat missions and disable the enemy's aerial reconnaissance equipment.
As previously reported, on the eve of a full-scale attack from the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense of Ukraine, Oleksiy Rezhnikov, has named electronic warfare (EW) systems as one of the priorities for rearming the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
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"We really need to develop what is called electronic warfare and electronic defense. The world is unmanned, unmanned helicopters, unmanned tanks, unmanned everything. Total robotization is underway. We know that prevention, protection AND surveillance need to be developed as much as possible in the system," said the Defense Minister.
The Russian Orlan-10 is a medium-range, multi-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle. It is used up to 120 km from the control point. In autonomous mode, it can fly a distance of 600 km.
Its weight is between 14 and 18 kg with a weight of 5 kg. It starts with a special catapult. Orlan-10 time in the air - up to 18 hours, flight speed - 90-150 km per hour.
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